en Epidemiology of Ocular Melanocarcinoma Epidemiology of Ocular Melanocarcinoma عمومى General سرمقاله Editorial Dr. Rouzitalab and coworkers have presented a study (P:34-40) on epidemiologic assessments of enucleated eyes for malignant melanoma of choroidal in patients referred to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences hospitals (1990-2005). They have correctly emphasized on the lack or rarity of epidemiologic investigations of diseases in Iran and particularly in the field of the ocular cancers. Surely such investigations could be of great help for our diagnostic as well as therapeutic assessments and follow-up of the patients. I would like to draw attention to ocular melanocarcinoma in children under the age of 14 years, composing 3.7% of the cases which points out that this malignancy can be seen in all ages; however, they indicated that highly malignant cases (mixed and epithelial types) are seen mostly in the elderly. Two points in this article are noteworthy: 1) The epithelial form of the tumor is more frequent in our country in comparison to other reports (ref. 11 and 17). This observation has already been reported in the article by Dr. Asadi-Amoli et al (ref. 13) from Farabi Eye Hospital , Tehran . 2) The high frequency of highly malignant uveal melanoma in female population in Iran suggests a hormonal role in the pathogenesis and calls for further investigations. Although the aim of the article has been an epidemiologic assessment on the enucleated eyes from 1990 to 2005, we should not disregard the role of modern therapies for ocular melanocarcinoma such as photodynamic therapy, proton beam radiation therapy and even intraocular excision via vitrectomy for smaller tumors which have proven their efficacies nowadays. Hormoz Chams , MD Editor -in-Chief Dr. Rouzitalab and coworkers have presented a study (P:34-40) on epidemiologic assessments of enucleated eyes for malignant melanoma of choroidal in patients referred to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences hospitals (1990-2005). They have correctly emphasized on the lack or rarity of epidemiologic investigations of diseases in Iran and particularly in the field of the ocular cancers. Surely such investigations could be of great help for our diagnostic as well as therapeutic assessments and follow-up of the patients. I would like to draw attention to ocular melanocarcinoma in children under the age of 14 years, composing 3.7% of the cases which points out that this malignancy can be seen in all ages; however, they indicated that highly malignant cases (mixed and epithelial types) are seen mostly in the elderly. Two points in this article are noteworthy: 1) The epithelial form of the tumor is more frequent in our country in comparison to other reports (ref. 11 and 17). This observation has already been reported in the article by Dr. Asadi-Amoli et al (ref. 13) from Farabi Eye Hospital , Tehran . 2) The high frequency of highly malignant uveal melanoma in female population in Iran suggests a hormonal role in the pathogenesis and calls for further investigations. Although the aim of the article has been an epidemiologic assessment on the enucleated eyes from 1990 to 2005, we should not disregard the role of modern therapies for ocular melanocarcinoma such as photodynamic therapy, proton beam radiation therapy and even intraocular excision via vitrectomy for smaller tumors which have proven their efficacies nowadays. Hormoz Chams , MD Editor -in-Chief - - 1 1 http://www.irjo.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-11-12&slc_lang=en&sid=en Hormoz Chams هرمز شمس 560031947532846001276 Yes

en Manuscript Flexibility: A Note for the Journal’s Contributors, Reviewers, and Readers Manuscript Flexibility: A Note for the Journal’s Contributors, Reviewers, and Readers عمومى General سرمقاله Editorial Being mindful of the possibilities for types of scientific communications can help a researcher in choosing the right format for presentation and reporting. Original research articles, case reports, and review articles are the most common types of manuscripts submitted to and published by Iranian medical journals. But not all of the scholarly communications could necessarily be fit into these kinds of manuscripts for instance: - Journal editors/reviewers or experts of a field may wish or be invited to elaborate on a peer-reviewed and accepted paper and put it in a broader context. This kind of commentary which is published as the leading article in an issue of the journal is titled an ‘Editorial.’ - Readers of a journal article may decide to comment on a published paper and/or seek clarifications authors of the related original work would respond to those comments. This type of correspondence is known as ‘Letter to the Editor’. Due to its independent nature, this kind of scientific exchange frequently provides invaluable insights into the subject of published research. - Editorial boards and/or peer-reviewers frequently encounter manuscripts which have inherent limitations in the scope, relevance, priority, or originality, yet they find them otherwise integrated, polished, well-organized, and based on formal data collection. The journal may thus decide to publish an abridged version of the work. Authors are then expected to revise and summarize their work in the form of a short communication or ‘Brief Report’. In this issue, an Editorial by Professor Chams on ocular melanoma is published. In this article the professor has highlighted the importance of epidemiologic studies about ocular malignancies and major findings of the study namely, uveal melanoma in children and a relatively overrepresentation of female patieys.1,2 Also a ‘Brief Report’ by Zare et al is published.3 They had conducted a fellow-eye-controlled trial for the comparison of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) severity and rates of single-piece and three-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses. The manuscript was carefully reviewed by the journal reviewers in two rounds reviews were generally favorable but they noted a fundamental flaw in the study end-point, i.e. the mean follow-up of six months of the study is not enough in the evaluation of PCO. Editorial board provided authors an opportunity to rewrite and resubmit their work in the form of a preliminary report due to the overall integrity of the manuscript. This approach conforms to our current policy in the editorial board of being ‘facilitative’ rather than ‘selective’. The Journal -as the official publication of Iranian Society of Ophthalmology- perceives dissemination of research work by Iranian scientists in the field of ophthalmic knowledge to the national and international audience as its duty (the Journal’s mission statement). In the future when our -mostly national contributors’ experience in research is improved and there is a manuscript backlog, adoption of a more selective approach would be advisable. The Journal manuscript scheme is as follows: - Original Article - Case Report - Review Article (Evidence-based Update, Meta-analysis, and Expert content) Such reviews may have CME credits. - Editorial - Letter to the Editor (in reference to an earlier published paper) - Brief report (a preliminary report or short communication) - Others: Surgical Technique, Ophthalmic Images/Videos, and Book Review Scientific communication is far diverse than what has been described here Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology lists 11 types of manuscripts and describes articles such as ‘Clinical Controversy’ and ‘History of Ophthalmology’ along with the classic types.4 British Medical Journal accepts ‘Obituaries’, ‘Personal view’, and ‘Fillers’ for publication. It also has a major type of manuscript titled ‘Practice’ which itself has nine subtypes including ‘Lessons of the week’.5 Such versatility infuses the journal with identity and makes it lively. Editorial board of the Journal aims at achieving excellence through continuous improvement of its editorial process. We have planned to inform you of the current developments and sincerely seek your most valued opinion. At your discretion, your feedback will be published as ‘Letter to the Editor’. S-Farzad Mohammadi, MD S-Mehrdad Mohammadi, MD, MPH Jamshid Bahlakeh , MD Hormoz Chams , MD The Journal Editorial Office References 1. Chams H. Epidemiology of Ocular Melanocarcinoma. Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology. 200820(2):1. 2. Roozitalab MH, Bastani A, Khoshniyat H. An Epidemiologic Assessment of Enucleated Eyes for Malignant Melanoma of Choroid. Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology. 200820(2):34-40. 3. Zare MA, Heidari H, Hashemi H, et al. Comparison of short-term posterior capsule opacification rates between single-piece and three-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses. Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology. 200820(2):50-51. 4. Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology. <a href="http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/submit.asp?ref=1442-6404&site=1">http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/submit.asp?ref=1442-6404&site=1 </a>. British Medical Journal. <a href="http://resources.bmj.com/bmj/authors/types-of-article">http://resources.bmj.com/bmj/authors/types-of-article </a>. Being mindful of the possibilities for types of scientific communications can help a researcher in choosing the right format for presentation and reporting. Original research articles, case reports, and review articles are the most common types of manuscripts submitted to and published by Iranian medical journals. But not all of the scholarly communications could necessarily be fit into these kinds of manuscripts for instance: - Journal editors/reviewers or experts of a field may wish or be invited to elaborate on a peer-reviewed and accepted paper and put it in a broader context. This kind of commentary which is published as the leading article in an issue of the journal is titled an ‘Editorial.’ - Readers of a journal article may decide to comment on a published paper and/or seek clarifications authors of the related original work would respond to those comments. This type of correspondence is known as ‘Letter to the Editor’. Due to its independent nature, this kind of scientific exchange frequently provides invaluable insights into the subject of published research. - Editorial boards and/or peer-reviewers frequently encounter manuscripts which have inherent limitations in the scope, relevance, priority, or originality, yet they find them otherwise integrated, polished, well-organized, and based on formal data collection. The journal may thus decide to publish an abridged version of the work. Authors are then expected to revise and summarize their work in the form of a short communication or ‘Brief Report’. In this issue, an Editorial by Professor Chams on ocular melanoma is published. In this article the professor has highlighted the importance of epidemiologic studies about ocular malignancies and major findings of the study namely, uveal melanoma in children and a relatively overrepresentation of female patieys.1,2 Also a ‘Brief Report’ by Zare et al is published.3 They had conducted a fellow-eye-controlled trial for the comparison of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) severity and rates of single-piece and three-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses. The manuscript was carefully reviewed by the journal reviewers in two rounds reviews were generally favorable but they noted a fundamental flaw in the study end-point, i.e. the mean follow-up of six months of the study is not enough in the evaluation of PCO. Editorial board provided authors an opportunity to rewrite and resubmit their work in the form of a preliminary report due to the overall integrity of the manuscript. This approach conforms to our current policy in the editorial board of being ‘facilitative’ rather than ‘selective’. The Journal -as the official publication of Iranian Society of Ophthalmology- perceives dissemination of research work by Iranian scientists in the field of ophthalmic knowledge to the national and international audience as its duty (the Journal’s mission statement). In the future when our -mostly national contributors’ experience in research is improved and there is a manuscript backlog, adoption of a more selective approach would be advisable. The Journal manuscript scheme is as follows: - Original Article - Case Report - Review Article (Evidence-based Update, Meta-analysis, and Expert content) Such reviews may have CME credits. - Editorial - Letter to the Editor (in reference to an earlier published paper) - Brief report (a preliminary report or short communication) - Others: Surgical Technique, Ophthalmic Images/Videos, and Book Review Scientific communication is far diverse than what has been described here Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology lists 11 types of manuscripts and describes articles such as ‘Clinical Controversy’ and ‘History of Ophthalmology’ along with the classic types.4 British Medical Journal accepts ‘Obituaries’, ‘Personal view’, and ‘Fillers’ for publication. It also has a major type of manuscript titled ‘Practice’ which itself has nine subtypes including ‘Lessons of the week’.5 Such versatility infuses the journal with identity and makes it lively. Editorial board of the Journal aims at achieving excellence through continuous improvement of its editorial process. We have planned to inform you of the current developments and sincerely seek your most valued opinion. At your discretion, your feedback will be published as ‘Letter to the Editor’. S-Farzad Mohammadi, MD S-Mehrdad Mohammadi, MD, MPH Jamshid Bahlakeh , MD Hormoz Chams , MD The Journal Editorial Office References 1. Chams H. Epidemiology of Ocular Melanocarcinoma. Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology. 200820(2):1. 2. Roozitalab MH, Bastani A, Khoshniyat H. An Epidemiologic Assessment of Enucleated Eyes for Malignant Melanoma of Choroid. Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology. 200820(2):34-40. 3. Zare MA, Heidari H, Hashemi H, et al. Comparison of short-term posterior capsule opacification rates between single-piece and three-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses. Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology. 200820(2):50-51. 4. Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology. <a href="http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/submit.asp?ref=1442-6404&site=1">http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/submit.asp?ref=1442-6404&site=1 </a>. British Medical Journal. <a href="http://resources.bmj.com/bmj/authors/types-of-article">http://resources.bmj.com/bmj/authors/types-of-article </a>. - - 2 3 http://www.irjo.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-11-13&slc_lang=en&sid=en S-Farzad Mohammadi سيدفرزاد محمدی 560031947532846001277 Yes S-Mehrdad Mohammadi سيدمهرداد محمدی 560031947532846001278 No Jamshid Bahlakeh جمشيد بهلکه 560031947532846001279 No Hormoz Chams هرمز شمس 560031947532846001280 No

en Optical Coherence Tomography-Measured Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Thickness in Emmetropic, High-Myopic and High-Hyperopic Eyes Optical Coherence Tomography-Measured Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Thickness in Emmetropic, High-Myopic and High-Hyperopic Eyes عمومى General پژوهشی Original Purpose : To determine the nerve fiber layer and macular thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in emmetropic, high-myopic and high-hyperopic eyes Methods : One hundred five eyes of 55 randomly selected healthy subjects between 20 and 30 years old were included in this study. The eyes were categorized in three groups (high-myopic, emmetropic and high-hyperopic) according to their cycloplegic refraction and axial length ( AL ). The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular thickness was measured using three circumferential peripapillary scans and six radial scans of the macula by optical coherence tomography (OCT model 2010, Zeiss). Average RNFL thickness in the peripapillary region and macular thickness was measured and compared in these three groups. Results : Mean age of participants was 24.3±2.6 years. Average RNFL thickness was 107.9±8.3 µ, 131.1±3.2 µ and 145.8±2.8 µ in high-myopic, emmetropic and high-hyperopic groups, respectively. There was a high correlation between RNFL thickness and AL (r= -0.91, p<0.001). Average inner macular thickness was 221.6±13.2 µ, 246±10.5 µ and 255.9±15.0 µ and average outer macular thickness was 207.6±9.7 µ, 230.1±7.4 µ and 239.7±13.0 µ in high-myopic, emmetropic and high-hyperopic groups, respectively. The difference of RNFL thickness was statistically significant between these three groups. Conclusion : High-hyperopic eyes had significantly thicker average RNFL thickness than emmetropic and high-myopic eyes; while emmetropic eyes had thicker average RNFL thickness than high-myopic eyes. There is a strong negative correlation between AL and average NFL thickness. Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology 2008;20(2):4-9 Purpose : To determine the nerve fiber layer and macular thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in emmetropic, high-myopic and high-hyperopic eyes Methods : One hundred five eyes of 55 randomly selected healthy subjects between 20 and 30 years old were included in this study. The eyes were categorized in three groups (high-myopic, emmetropic and high-hyperopic) according to their cycloplegic refraction and axial length ( AL ). The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular thickness was measured using three circumferential peripapillary scans and six radial scans of the macula by optical coherence tomography (OCT model 2010, Zeiss). Average RNFL thickness in the peripapillary region and macular thickness was measured and compared in these three groups. Results : Mean age of participants was 24.3±2.6 years. Average RNFL thickness was 107.9±8.3 µ, 131.1±3.2 µ and 145.8±2.8 µ in high-myopic, emmetropic and high-hyperopic groups, respectively. There was a high correlation between RNFL thickness and AL (r= -0.91, p<0.001). Average inner macular thickness was 221.6±13.2 µ, 246±10.5 µ and 255.9±15.0 µ and average outer macular thickness was 207.6±9.7 µ, 230.1±7.4 µ and 239.7±13.0 µ in high-myopic, emmetropic and high-hyperopic groups, respectively. The difference of RNFL thickness was statistically significant between these three groups. Conclusion : High-hyperopic eyes had significantly thicker average RNFL thickness than emmetropic and high-myopic eyes; while emmetropic eyes had thicker average RNFL thickness than high-myopic eyes. There is a strong negative correlation between AL and average NFL thickness. Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology 2008;20(2):4-9 optical coherence tomography, nerve fiber layer, macular thickness optical coherence tomography, nerve fiber layer, macular thickness 4 9 http://www.irjo.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-11-14&slc_lang=en&sid=en Mohammad-Mehdi Parvaresh محمدمهدی پرورش mmparvaresh@yahoo.com 560031947532846001212 Yes Marjan Imani مرجان ايمانی 560031947532846001213 No Mohsen Bahmani-Kashkouli محسن بهمنی کشکولی 560031947532846001214 No Mostafa Soltan-Sanjari مصطفی سلطان سنجری 560031947532846001215 No

en The Efficacy of Fibrin Glue in Corneal Perforations The Efficacy of Fibrin Glue in Corneal Perforations عمومى General پژوهشی Original Purpose : To determine the efficacy of fibrin glue in corneal perforations up to 3 mm in diameter Methods : A case series study was performed on corneal perforations up to 3 mm who were admitted at Farabi Hospital- Tehran. Age, visual acuity, presence and size of corneal thinning, corneal epithelial defect, size and depth of corneal infiltration, site and size of corneal perforation, corneal vascularization, anterior chamber depth and reaction and the etiology of corneal perforation were recorded. Then corneal perforation was sealed by using of fibrin glue and soft contact lens and the patients were followed for at least 3 months. Results : Of 18 patients, 8 patients were female and 10 patients were male. Mean age was 52±25.7 years. Size of corneal perforations were 0.6 to 3 mm (mean=1.88 mm). The etiologies of corneal perforation were postinfectious in 11 and noninfectious in 7 cases. Fifteen eyes (83.3%) had successful healing of corneal perforation after 3 months. All the cases who failed had corneal perforation greater than 2 mm in diameter. Success rate was significantly lower in corneal perforation > 2 mm in diameter. No case developed giant papillary conjunctivitis or secondary glaucoma. Only one (5.6%) eye showed a significant increase in deep corneal vascularization. Conclusion : Fibrin glue is effective in the closure of corneal perforations up to 2 mm in diameter. Corneal perforation > 2 mm in diameter may not respond well. It provides fast healing with low rate of corneal vascularization. Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology 200820(2):10-14 Purpose : To determine the efficacy of fibrin glue in corneal perforations up to 3 mm in diameter Methods : A case series study was performed on corneal perforations up to 3 mm who were admitted at Farabi Hospital- Tehran. Age, visual acuity, presence and size of corneal thinning, corneal epithelial defect, size and depth of corneal infiltration, site and size of corneal perforation, corneal vascularization, anterior chamber depth and reaction and the etiology of corneal perforation were recorded. Then corneal perforation was sealed by using of fibrin glue and soft contact lens and the patients were followed for at least 3 months. Results : Of 18 patients, 8 patients were female and 10 patients were male. Mean age was 52±25.7 years. Size of corneal perforations were 0.6 to 3 mm (mean=1.88 mm). The etiologies of corneal perforation were postinfectious in 11 and noninfectious in 7 cases. Fifteen eyes (83.3%) had successful healing of corneal perforation after 3 months. All the cases who failed had corneal perforation greater than 2 mm in diameter. Success rate was significantly lower in corneal perforation > 2 mm in diameter. No case developed giant papillary conjunctivitis or secondary glaucoma. Only one (5.6%) eye showed a significant increase in deep corneal vascularization. Conclusion : Fibrin glue is effective in the closure of corneal perforations up to 2 mm in diameter. Corneal perforation > 2 mm in diameter may not respond well. It provides fast healing with low rate of corneal vascularization. Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology 200820(2):10-14 corneal perforation, fibrin glue, keratitis, vascularization corneal perforation, fibrin glue, keratitis, vascularization 10 14 http://www.irjo.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-11-15&slc_lang=en&sid=en Heidar Siatiri حيدر سياتيری 560031947532846001216 No Sasan Moghimi ساسان مقيمی sasanimii@yahoo.com 560031947532846001217 Yes Ezzatollah Pourabdollah عزت الله پورعبدالله 560031947532846001218 No Firoozeh Rahimi فيروزه رحيمی 560031947532846001219 No Mohammad-Reza Fallah محمدرضا فلاح 560031947532846001220 No Nasim Siatiri نسيم سياتيری 560031947532846001221 No

en The Risk Factors and Causes for Blindness in Behcet’s Disease The Risk Factors and Causes for Blindness in Behcet’s Disease عمومى General پژوهشی Original Purpose : To investigate the risk factors and causes for blindness in Behcet’s disease (BD). Methods : In this preliminary retrospective case series we have investigated 27 BD patients (54 eyes), legally blind (vision 0.1 or less) at least in one eye at the last visit (2006), and compared them with 54 eyes of 27 non-blind patients (control group), matched individually and consequently in terms of duration of BD follow-up and treatment. Results : Eighteen (66.6%) of our blind patients were male versus thirteen (48%) of the control group (p=0.167). Low vision (0.1 or less) at the first consultation, 23 eyes (42.6%) in the blind group versus three eyes (5.6%) in the control group (p=0.001), higher number of uveitis in the main group 51 eyes (94.4%) versus 35 eyes (64.8%) in the control group (p=0.007), Longer duration of uveitis (10.3±4.8 vs. 5.1±3.97years, p < 0.001), longer duration of retinal vacuities (10.9±5.1 vs. 5.6±3.7 years, p < 0.001) in the blind group under investigation were the four major risk factors in the poor outcome of ocular disease, P≤0.000 in all cases. At the last visit 42 eyes (77.8%) of the main group were legally blind. The main cause of blindness was chorioretinal vasculitis in 32 eyes (20 patients), and its consequences: optic atrophy, macular scar, chorioretinal atrophy and vascular necrosis. In ten remaining blind eyes the causes for impaired vision were: 3 retinal detachments, 3 optic atrophies ± macular scars, 1 macular scar, 1 macular and disc edema, 1 phthisis bulbi, 1 disc neovascularization and vitreous hemorrhage. Conclusion : Higher frequency of uveitis and longer duration of uveitis and retinal vasculitis, and also the initial low vision at the presentation were the main blinding risk factors and the main cause of blindness was retinal vasculitis and its consequences. Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology 200820(2):15-19 Purpose : To investigate the risk factors and causes for blindness in Behcet’s disease (BD). Methods : In this preliminary retrospective case series we have investigated 27 BD patients (54 eyes), legally blind (vision 0.1 or less) at least in one eye at the last visit (2006), and compared them with 54 eyes of 27 non-blind patients (control group), matched individually and consequently in terms of duration of BD follow-up and treatment. Results : Eighteen (66.6%) of our blind patients were male versus thirteen (48%) of the control group (p=0.167). Low vision (0.1 or less) at the first consultation, 23 eyes (42.6%) in the blind group versus three eyes (5.6%) in the control group (p=0.001), higher number of uveitis in the main group 51 eyes (94.4%) versus 35 eyes (64.8%) in the control group (p=0.007), Longer duration of uveitis (10.3±4.8 vs. 5.1±3.97years, p < 0.001), longer duration of retinal vacuities (10.9±5.1 vs. 5.6±3.7 years, p < 0.001) in the blind group under investigation were the four major risk factors in the poor outcome of ocular disease, P≤0.000 in all cases. At the last visit 42 eyes (77.8%) of the main group were legally blind. The main cause of blindness was chorioretinal vasculitis in 32 eyes (20 patients), and its consequences: optic atrophy, macular scar, chorioretinal atrophy and vascular necrosis. In ten remaining blind eyes the causes for impaired vision were: 3 retinal detachments, 3 optic atrophies ± macular scars, 1 macular scar, 1 macular and disc edema, 1 phthisis bulbi, 1 disc neovascularization and vitreous hemorrhage. Conclusion : Higher frequency of uveitis and longer duration of uveitis and retinal vasculitis, and also the initial low vision at the presentation were the main blinding risk factors and the main cause of blindness was retinal vasculitis and its consequences. Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology 200820(2):15-19 Behcet\'s disease, ocular Behcet, blindness, uveitis, retinal vasculitis, optic atrophy, retinal detachment Behcet\'s disease, ocular Behcet, blindness, uveitis, retinal vasculitis, optic atrophy, retinal detachment 15 19 http://www.irjo.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-11-16&slc_lang=en&sid=en Hormoz Chams هرمز شمس hormozshams@yahoo.com 560031947532846001222 Yes Alireza Lashay عليرضا لاشيئی 560031947532846001223 No Ahmad Javadian احمد جواديان 560031947532846001224 No Reza Karkhaneh رضا کارخانه 560031947532846001225 No Farhad Shahram فرهاد شهرام 560031947532846001226 No Fereidoun Davatchi فريدون دواچی 560031947532846001227 No

en Topical Anti-glaucoma Medications and Lacrimal Drainage System Obstruction Topical Anti-glaucoma Medications and Lacrimal Drainage System Obstruction عمومى General پژوهشی Original Purpose�: To evaluate the effect of topical anti-glaucoma medications on lacrimal drainage system (LDS). Methods : In a prospective controlled blind observational case series, 627 eyes of 384 patients (219 males, 165 females) were studied. Data recording (demographics and history taking), allocation into case (on topical anti-glaucoma medications) and control (no glaucoma) group, and examinations (eye examination and dye disappearance test) were performed by a senior ophthalmology resident. Exclusion criteria were: epiphora prior to onset of treatment with topical anti-glaucoma medication (just for case group), history of long term usage of topical medications (besides anti-glaucoma medications in the case group), previous intraocular surgery, lacrimal surgery, ocular or periocular trauma, radiation therapy, mucous membrane disorder, eyelid margin malposition, and untreated blepharitis. Diagnostic probing and irrigation of lacrimal drainage system were blindly performed by an oculoplastic surgeon. Results : After exclusion, there were 130 eyes from 98 patients and 280 eyes from 178 patients in the case and control group, respectively. Case and control groups were matched. There were significantly more LDS obstruction (LDSO) in the case (26/130, 20%) than control (24/280, 8.57%) group (P=0.002). Upper LDSO was significantly more in the case group (P=0.018). Increasing age was associated with significantly more LDSO in just control group (P=0.029). Significant LDSO was found in the eyes taking Timolol + Dorzolamide (P=0.021) and Timolol + Dorzolamide + Pilocarpine (P=0.017) with duration of 2 weeks to 156 months. Conclusion : Patients on combination of topical anti-glaucoma medications are significantly at risk of developing LDSO. Upper LDSO is significantly more in patients on topical anti-glaucoma drugs. Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology 200820(2):20-26 Purpose�: To evaluate the effect of topical anti-glaucoma medications on lacrimal drainage system (LDS). Methods : In a prospective controlled blind observational case series, 627 eyes of 384 patients (219 males, 165 females) were studied. Data recording (demographics and history taking), allocation into case (on topical anti-glaucoma medications) and control (no glaucoma) group, and examinations (eye examination and dye disappearance test) were performed by a senior ophthalmology resident. Exclusion criteria were: epiphora prior to onset of treatment with topical anti-glaucoma medication (just for case group), history of long term usage of topical medications (besides anti-glaucoma medications in the case group), previous intraocular surgery, lacrimal surgery, ocular or periocular trauma, radiation therapy, mucous membrane disorder, eyelid margin malposition, and untreated blepharitis. Diagnostic probing and irrigation of lacrimal drainage system were blindly performed by an oculoplastic surgeon. Results : After exclusion, there were 130 eyes from 98 patients and 280 eyes from 178 patients in the case and control group, respectively. Case and control groups were matched. There were significantly more LDS obstruction (LDSO) in the case (26/130, 20%) than control (24/280, 8.57%) group (P=0.002). Upper LDSO was significantly more in the case group (P=0.018). Increasing age was associated with significantly more LDSO in just control group (P=0.029). Significant LDSO was found in the eyes taking Timolol + Dorzolamide (P=0.021) and Timolol + Dorzolamide + Pilocarpine (P=0.017) with duration of 2 weeks to 156 months. Conclusion : Patients on combination of topical anti-glaucoma medications are significantly at risk of developing LDSO. Upper LDSO is significantly more in patients on topical anti-glaucoma drugs.Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology 200820(2):20-26 anti-glaucoma medication, glaucoma, lacrimal drainage anti-glaucoma medication, glaucoma, lacrimal drainage 20 26 http://www.irjo.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-11-17&slc_lang=en&sid=en Mohsen Bahmani-Kashkouli محسن بهمنی کشکولی bahmanik@yahoo.com 560031947532846001228 Yes Reza Rezaee رضا رضايی 560031947532846001229 No Naveed Nilforushan نويد نيلفروشان 560031947532846001230 No Shabnam Salimi شبنم سليمی 560031947532846001231 No Alireza Foroutan عليرضا فروتن 560031947532846001232 No Mahmoud Joshaghani محمود جوشقانی 560031947532846001233 No

en Sutureless versus Conventional Trabeculectomy for Management of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Sutureless versus Conventional Trabeculectomy for Management of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma عمومى General پژوهشی Original Purpose : To assess the efficacy and safety of sutureless punch trabeculectomy as substitute for conventional scleral flap trabeculectomy. Methods : In a prospective, randomized study, 44 eyes of 42 patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) who were candidate of trabeculectomy were included and randomly assigned into two groups sutureless punch trabeculectomy or conventional scleral flap trabeculectomy. Intraoperative complications and postoperative visual acuity, IOP, bleb status, and complications were evaluated for a follow-up period of 6 months. Results : Mean IOP was 21.9±7.9 mmHg before surgery and 16.0±4.7 mmHg 6 months after surgery in sutureless group, and 22.7±10.2 preoperatively and 15.8±5.2 postoperatively in the control group. No significant difference in complication rate was noted between the two groups. The absolute success rate was 50% and 59% in study and control group, respectively (P=0.545), and qualified success rate was 86.3% and 90.9% in the study and control group, respectively (P=0.365). Conclusion : It appears that sutureless scleral tunnel trabeculectomy is a safe and effective drainage procedure for treating uncomplicated POAG, and can effectively substitute for conventional scleral flap trabeculectomy. Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology 200820(2):27-33 Purpose : To assess the efficacy and safety of sutureless punch trabeculectomy as substitute for conventional scleral flap trabeculectomy. Methods : In a prospective, randomized study, 44 eyes of 42 patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) who were candidate of trabeculectomy were included and randomly assigned into two groups sutureless punch trabeculectomy or conventional scleral flap trabeculectomy. Intraoperative complications and postoperative visual acuity, IOP, bleb status, and complications were evaluated for a follow-up period of 6 months. Results : Mean IOP was 21.9±7.9 mmHg before surgery and 16.0±4.7 mmHg 6 months after surgery in sutureless group, and 22.7±10.2 preoperatively and 15.8±5.2 postoperatively in the control group. No significant difference in complication rate was noted between the two groups. The absolute success rate was 50% and 59% in study and control group, respectively (P=0.545), and qualified success rate was 86.3% and 90.9% in the study and control group, respectively (P=0.365). Conclusion : It appears that sutureless scleral tunnel trabeculectomy is a safe and effective drainage procedure for treating uncomplicated POAG, and can effectively substitute for conventional scleral flap trabeculectomy. Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology 200820(2):27-33 conventional scleral flap trabeculectomy, sutureless scleral tunnel trabeculectomy conventional scleral flap trabeculectomy, sutureless scleral tunnel trabeculectomy 27 33 http://www.irjo.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-11-18&slc_lang=en&sid=en Yadollah Eslami يداله اسلامی 560031947532846001253 No Shahram Agharokh شهرام آقارخ 560031947532846001254 No Mohammad-Taher Rajabi محمدطاهر رجبی mt_rajabi@yahoo.com 560031947532846001255 Yes Heydar Amini حيدر امينی 560031947532846001256 No Reza Zarei رضا زارعی 560031947532846001257 No Ghasem Fakhraei قاسم فخرايی 560031947532846001258 No

en An Epidemiologic Assessment of Enucleated Eyes for Malignant Melanoma of Choroid An Epidemiologic Assessment of Enucleated Eyes for Malignant Melanoma of Choroid عمومى General پژوهشی Original Purpose : Choroidal melanoma is the most common primary ocular malignancy among the adult population. Authors investigated the clinical findings, histopathologic features, types of retinal detachment and the precise anatomic origin of enucleated eyes for primary ocular malignant melanoma in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) hospitals between 1990 and 2005. Methods : This was a cross sectional study in which medical records of patients with pathologically proven ocular malignant melanoma were reviewed; and then the relevant clinical data were gathered, based on the modified Callender classification for uveal melanomas . Results : Over the 15-year period of this study, there were 40 patients with microscopically confirmed ocular melanoma at the pathology department of SUMS. Mean age at initial diagnosis was 45.9 years (range, 5-74 years) . Women constituted 51.9% of patients. The most common histological type in uveal melanoma was mixed cell type and painless visual loss was the most frequent presenting complaint. Retinal detachment was seen in 88.8% of cases. Conclusion : In this study we found more epitheloid (malignant) cell type (11.1%) in Iranian population comparing to western countries (3%) and also there was more malignant cell type (epitheloid cells) in male comparing to female (m/f=2) which may be related to sex hormonal differences that should be investigated in future. Histopathologically, the more malignant cell types become more prevalent with advanced age groups. Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology 2008;20(2):34-40 Purpose : Choroidal melanoma is the most common primary ocular malignancy among the adult population. Authors investigated the clinical findings, histopathologic features, types of retinal detachment and the precise anatomic origin of enucleated eyes for primary ocular malignant melanoma in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) hospitals between 1990 and 2005. Methods : This was a cross sectional study in which medical records of patients with pathologically proven ocular malignant melanoma were reviewed; and then the relevant clinical data were gathered, based on the modified Callender classification for uveal melanomas . Results : Over the 15-year period of this study, there were 40 patients with microscopically confirmed ocular melanoma at the pathology department of SUMS. Mean age at initial diagnosis was 45.9 years (range, 5-74 years) . Women constituted 51.9% of patients. The most common histological type in uveal melanoma was mixed cell type and painless visual loss was the most frequent presenting complaint. Retinal detachment was seen in 88.8% of cases. Conclusion : In this study we found more epitheloid (malignant) cell type (11.1%) in Iranian population comparing to western countries (3%) and also there was more malignant cell type (epitheloid cells) in male comparing to female (m/f=2) which may be related to sex hormonal differences that should be investigated in future. Histopathologically, the more malignant cell types become more prevalent with advanced age groups. Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology 2008;20(2):34-40 malignant melanoma, epidemiology, histopathology, uvea, choroid, ocular tumors malignant melanoma, epidemiology, histopathology, uvea, choroid, ocular tumors 34 40 http://www.irjo.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-11-19&slc_lang=en&sid=en Mohammad-Hosein Roozitalab محمدحسين روزيطلب 560031947532846001259 No Amir Bastani امير باستانی bastania@sums.ac.ir 560031947532846001260 Yes Hamid Khoshniyat حميد خوش نيت 560031947532846001261 No

en Anterior and Nasal Transposition of the Inferior Oblique Muscle in Patients with the Inferior Oblique Muscle Overaction Anterior and Nasal Transposition of the Inferior Oblique Muscle in Patients with the Inferior Oblique Muscle Overaction عمومى General پژوهشی Original Purpose : To evaluate the results of anterior and nasal transposition (ANT) of the inferior oblique muscle (IO) in patients with the IO muscle overaction Methods : This retrospective case series included patients with IO muscles overaction, in whom ANT of the IO muscle was performed. In patient with simultaneous horizontal deviation, horizontal strabismus surgery was also performed. They were evaluated pre- and post-operatively for alignment and oculomotor examination. Results : Seven patients with the mean age of 9.2±5.2 years were included for the study. Unilateral and bilateral ANT was performed in one and 6 patients respectively. Patients were followed for a mean of 32.5±9 months. IO muscle overaction was eliminated in all patients. Antielevation syndrome was developed in 2 patients. One patient needed further operation for residual horizontal deviation. Conclusion : It seems that ANT is useful for the treatment of patients with the IO overaction. However, the risk of antielevation syndrome should be considered. Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology 200820(2):41-45 Purpose : To evaluate the results of anterior and nasal transposition (ANT) of the inferior oblique muscle (IO) in patients with the IO muscle overaction Methods : This retrospective case series included patients with IO muscles overaction, in whom ANT of the IO muscle was performed. In patient with simultaneous horizontal deviation, horizontal strabismus surgery was also performed. They were evaluated pre- and post-operatively for alignment and oculomotor examination. Results : Seven patients with the mean age of 9.2±5.2 years were included for the study. Unilateral and bilateral ANT was performed in one and 6 patients respectively. Patients were followed for a mean of 32.5±9 months. IO muscle overaction was eliminated in all patients. Antielevation syndrome was developed in 2 patients. One patient needed further operation for residual horizontal deviation. Conclusion : It seems that ANT is useful for the treatment of patients with the IO overaction. However, the risk of antielevation syndrome should be considered. Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology 200820(2):41-45 inferior oblique muscle overaction, anterior transposition of inferior oblique muscle, antielevation syndrome inferior oblique muscle overaction, anterior transposition of inferior oblique muscle, antielevation syndrome 41 45 http://www.irjo.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-11-20&slc_lang=en&sid=en Reza Asadi رضا اسدی ravamas@yahoo.com 560031947532846001262 Yes Khalil Ghasemi-Falavarjani خليل قاسمی فلاورجانی 560031947532846001263 No

en Traumatic Avulsion of the Globe: Report of a Rare Case and Brief Review of Literature Traumatic Avulsion of the Globe: Report of a Rare Case and Brief Review of Literature عمومى General گزارش موردی Case report We report a rare, severe case of traumatic globe avulsion and its assessment and management. A 60-year-old man was presented with complete globe avulsion following a facial trauma. Left globe was luxated out of the orbit. No direct or indirect light reflexes or any eye movement could be noted. CT-scan showed complete laceration of the left optic nerve, globe protrusion and multiple orbital bone fractures. After repositioning of the protruded globe tarsorrhaphy was performed. Although visual recovery cannot be achieved after severe orbital or optic nerve trauma, avoiding primary enucleation helps alleviate the psychological burden of the trauma. In case of the eventual development of phthisis bulbi, the patient will have a chance to be fitted with a prothesis over his own eye with a resulting better motility. Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology 2008;20(2):46-49 We report a rare, severe case of traumatic globe avulsion and its assessment and management. A 60-year-old man was presented with complete globe avulsion following a facial trauma. Left globe was luxated out of the orbit. No direct or indirect light reflexes or any eye movement could be noted. CT-scan showed complete laceration of the left optic nerve, globe protrusion and multiple orbital bone fractures. After repositioning of the protruded globe tarsorrhaphy was performed. Although visual recovery cannot be achieved after severe orbital or optic nerve trauma, avoiding primary enucleation helps alleviate the psychological burden of the trauma. In case of the eventual development of phthisis bulbi, the patient will have a chance to be fitted with a prothesis over his own eye with a resulting better motility. Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology 2008;20(2):46-49 globe avulsion, trauma, enucleation globe avulsion, trauma, enucleation 46 49 http://www.irjo.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-11-21&slc_lang=en&sid=en Syed Ziaeddin Tabatabaie سيدضياءالدين طباطبايی 560031947532846001264 No Mohammad-Taher Rajabi محمد طاهر رجبی mt_rajabi@yahoo.com 560031947532846001265 Yes Mahsa Khakbaz مهسا خاکباز 560031947532846001266 No Mehrdad Malihi مهرداد مليحی 560031947532846001267 No

en Comparison of Short-term Posterior Capsule Opacification Rates between Single-piece and Three-piece Hydrophobic Acrylic Intraocular Lenses Comparison of Short-term Posterior Capsule Opacification Rates between Single-piece and Three-piece Hydrophobic Acrylic Intraocular Lenses عمومى General گزارش کوتاه Short report In a fellow-eye-controlled trial, we compared the posterior capsule opacification (PCO) rates of single-piece (SA60AT) and three-piece (MA60AC) hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOL) in 54 pair-matched eyes of 27 age-related cataract patients who consecutively underwent bilateral (4-8 weeks apart) phacoemulsification; horizontal chopping performed through a capsulorrhexis of approximately 5- 5.5 mm in diameter followed by in the bag fixation of the IOL. PCO grading was done according to Evaluation of Posterior Capsule Opacification (EPCO) system1 by two independent observers. At last follow up (mean: 6 months), 42.5, 42.5, 13, and 2% of the eyes had a PCO scores of 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively and eyes with a single-piece IOL were tended to have higher PCO grades (odds ratio for a PCO grade of 1 or more: 2.9; P=0.08). PCO showed significant progression during the follow up (P<0.004). Last follow up m eans of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were comparable (P=0.857). Despite significant progression of PCO, mean BCVA of month one and last follow ups were also comparable (P=0.859). Mean follow up for the two groups of eyes was comparable (P=0.396). Wallin et al2 demonstrated that there was a significantly more severe PCO with the SA30AL single-piece compared with the MA30BA three-piece IOL with two years of follow up. Sacu et al3 reported that the single-piece (SA30AL and SA60AT) IOLs showed slightly more severe PCO than the three-piece (MA30BA and MA60BA) IOLs at one year postoperatively. However, two years postoperatively PCO intensity was comparable.3 In a recent study, Nejima et al4 failed to show a significant difference in the degree of PCO between the IOL types evaluated in the current study at one year. In another study,5 they found no significant difference between SA30AL and MA30BA IOLs PCO severity at one year postoperatively. Bender et al6 also observed a similar percentage area of PCO for SA30AL single-piece and MA30BA three-piece IOLs at six months and one year postoperatively. In conclusion, single-piece hydrophobic acrylic IOLs may be associated by a higher PCO rates than the three-piece counterpart in short term but the difference is not of a remarkable clinical significance. Long term PCO rates seem comparable. Mohammad-Ali Zare, MD Assistant Prof. of Ophthalmology* Helia Heidari , MD Resident in Ophthalmology* Hassan Hashemi, MD Associate Prof. of Ophthalmology* S-Farzad Mohammadi, MD Fellowship in Cornea* * Eye Research Center , Farabi Eye Hospital , Medical Sciences/University of Tehran Correspondence to: Seyed-Farzad Mohammadi, MD Eye Research Center , Farabi Eye Hospital , Tehran Tel: +98 21 55414941-6 Email: <a href="mailto:sfmohamm@razi.tums.ac.ir">sfmohamm@razi.tums.ac.ir </a> References 1. Findl O, Buehl W, Menapace R, Georgopoulos M, Rainer G, Siegl H, Kaider A, Pinz A. Comparison of 4 methods for quantifying posterior capsule opacification. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003 Jan;29(1):106-11. 2. Wallin TR, Hinckley M, Nilson C, Olson RJ. A clinical comparison of single-piece and three-piece truncated hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003 Oct;136(4):614-9. 3. Sacu S, Findl O, Menapace R, Buehl W, Wirtitsch M. Comparison of posterior capsule opacification between the 1-piece and 3-piece Acrysof intraocular lenses: two-year results of a randomized trial. Ophthalmology. 2004 Oct;111(10):1840-6. 4. Nejima R, Miyai T, Kataoka Y, Miyata K, Honbou M, Tokunaga T, Kawana K, Kiuchi T, Oshika T. Prospective intrapatient comparison of 6.0-millimeter optic single-piece and 3-piece hydrophobic acrylic foldable intraocular lenses. Ophthalmology. 2006 Apr;113(4):585-90. 5. Nejima R, Miyata K, Honbou M, Tokunaga T, Tanabe T, Sato M, Oshika T. A prospective, randomised comparison of single and three piece acrylic foldable intraocular lenses. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004 Jun;88(6):746-9. Bender LE, Nimsgern C, Jose R, Jayaram H, Spalton DJ, Tetz MR, Packard RB, Meacock W, Boyce J. Effect of 1-piece and 3-piece AcrySof intraocular lenses on the development of posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004 Apr;30(4):786-9. In a fellow-eye-controlled trial, we compared the posterior capsule opacification (PCO) rates of single-piece (SA60AT) and three-piece (MA60AC) hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOL) in 54 pair-matched eyes of 27 age-related cataract patients who consecutively underwent bilateral (4-8 weeks apart) phacoemulsification; horizontal chopping performed through a capsulorrhexis of approximately 5- 5.5 mm in diameter followed by in the bag fixation of the IOL. PCO grading was done according to Evaluation of Posterior Capsule Opacification (EPCO) system1 by two independent observers. At last follow up (mean: 6 months), 42.5, 42.5, 13, and 2% of the eyes had a PCO scores of 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively and eyes with a single-piece IOL were tended to have higher PCO grades (odds ratio for a PCO grade of 1 or more: 2.9; P=0.08). PCO showed significant progression during the follow up (P<0.004). Last follow up m eans of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were comparable (P=0.857). Despite significant progression of PCO, mean BCVA of month one and last follow ups were also comparable (P=0.859). Mean follow up for the two groups of eyes was comparable (P=0.396). Wallin et al2 demonstrated that there was a significantly more severe PCO with the SA30AL single-piece compared with the MA30BA three-piece IOL with two years of follow up. Sacu et al3 reported that the single-piece (SA30AL and SA60AT) IOLs showed slightly more severe PCO than the three-piece (MA30BA and MA60BA) IOLs at one year postoperatively. However, two years postoperatively PCO intensity was comparable.3 In a recent study, Nejima et al4 failed to show a significant difference in the degree of PCO between the IOL types evaluated in the current study at one year. In another study,5 they found no significant difference between SA30AL and MA30BA IOLs PCO severity at one year postoperatively. Bender et al6 also observed a similar percentage area of PCO for SA30AL single-piece and MA30BA three-piece IOLs at six months and one year postoperatively. In conclusion, single-piece hydrophobic acrylic IOLs may be associated by a higher PCO rates than the three-piece counterpart in short term but the difference is not of a remarkable clinical significance. Long term PCO rates seem comparable. Mohammad-Ali Zare, MD Assistant Prof. of Ophthalmology* Helia Heidari , MD Resident in Ophthalmology* Hassan Hashemi, MD Associate Prof. of Ophthalmology* S-Farzad Mohammadi, MD Fellowship in Cornea* * Eye Research Center , Farabi Eye Hospital , Medical Sciences/University of Tehran Correspondence to: Seyed-Farzad Mohammadi, MD Eye Research Center , Farabi Eye Hospital , Tehran Tel: +98 21 55414941-6 Email: <a href="mailto:sfmohamm@razi.tums.ac.ir">sfmohamm@razi.tums.ac.ir </a>References 1. Findl O, Buehl W, Menapace R, Georgopoulos M, Rainer G, Siegl H, Kaider A, Pinz A. Comparison of 4 methods for quantifying posterior capsule opacification. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003 Jan;29(1):106-11. 2. Wallin TR, Hinckley M, Nilson C, Olson RJ. A clinical comparison of single-piece and three-piece truncated hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003 Oct;136(4):614-9. 3. Sacu S, Findl O, Menapace R, Buehl W, Wirtitsch M. Comparison of posterior capsule opacification between the 1-piece and 3-piece Acrysof intraocular lenses: two-year results of a randomized trial. Ophthalmology. 2004 Oct;111(10):1840-6. 4. Nejima R, Miyai T, Kataoka Y, Miyata K, Honbou M, Tokunaga T, Kawana K, Kiuchi T, Oshika T. Prospective intrapatient comparison of 6.0-millimeter optic single-piece and 3-piece hydrophobic acrylic foldable intraocular lenses. Ophthalmology. 2006 Apr;113(4):585-90. 5. Nejima R, Miyata K, Honbou M, Tokunaga T, Tanabe T, Sato M, Oshika T. A prospective, randomised comparison of single and three piece acrylic foldable intraocular lenses. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004 Jun;88(6):746-9. Bender LE, Nimsgern C, Jose R, Jayaram H, Spalton DJ, Tetz MR, Packard RB, Meacock W, Boyce J. Effect of 1-piece and 3-piece AcrySof intraocular lenses on the development of posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004 Apr;30(4):786-9. 50 51 http://www.irjo.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-11-22&slc_lang=en&sid=en Mohammad-Ali Zare محمدعلی زارع 560031947532846001268 No Helia Heidari هليا حيدری 560031947532846001269 No Hassan Hashemi حسن هاشمی 560031947532846001270 No S-Farzad Mohammadi سيدفرزاد محمدی sfmohamm@razi.tums.ac.ir 560031947532846001271 Yes